Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs or pockets that develop on or within the ovary. Most women will experience one at some point in their life, and they are usually harmless and will go away on their own without any medical assistance. 

There are several types of ovarian cysts, categorised as either functional or pathological. Functional cysts are the most common and develop as part of the menstrual cycle, such as follicular cysts, which form when the follicle doesn’t release the egg and continues to grow or corpus luteum cysts, which develop after an egg has been released from the follicle. Pathological cysts are less common and include dermoid cysts, which contain various types of tissues such as hair, skin, or teeth, cystadenomas which develop from ovarian tissue, and endometriomas, which is where uterine tissue grows outside the uterus. Some pathological cysts are cancers and requires prompt management and treatment. 

Symptoms of ovarian cysts can vary depending on the type, and the vast majority are asymptomatic. However, in certain cases, individuals may experience pelvic pain, bloating, pain during intercourse, changes in the menstrual cycle, a need to urinate frequently, and unexplained weight gain. 

Treatment for ovarian cysts will depend on the size and type, as well as the patient’s age and symptoms, but the most common methods include: